Mahamadou Moussa Garba, Mani Mamman, Hamadou Issa
Synchronization and induction of ovulation enable the control and harmonization of femaleestrus cycle facilitating artificial insemination (AI) by mitigating the challenges associated with heat detection. In Niger, progestogens alone or in combination with other hormones such asgonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2α), are frequently employed to manage prolonged postpartum anestrus in cattle. This summary reviews their physiological mechanisms of action and practical application protocols. Additionally, complementary hormonal treatments notably PGF2α and Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) are commonly integrated intointravaginal device (IVD) based regimens. Understanding the hormonal dynamics of estrus is essential for maximizing the success rate of IVD-based synchronization program.