Mobile systems for healthcare 5.0: Applications, challenges and opportunities

Mobile systems are revolutionizing healthcare delivery through their integration with artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, ushering in the era of Healthcare 5.0. This emerging healthcare paradigm leverages mobile technologies to enable personalized, intelligent, and ubiquitous medical services. Mobile devices, serving as the primary interface between patients and healthcare systems, facilitate continuous health monitoring, real-time medical interventions, and personalized treatment optimization. Through AI-powered mobile applications, Healthcare 5.0 enhances diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and patient engagement beyond traditional digital health solutions. Key innovations include mobile-based precision diagnostics, AI-driven health monitoring, and personalized medical interventions. Nevertheless, Healthcare 5.0 still faces significant challenges, including the delivery of accurate secure, and robust personalized healthcare solutions.In this paper, we present a systematic review of mobile healthcare applications across major disease domains, where mobile healthcare systems facilitate continuous and remote care by enabling real-time monitoring, early symptom detection, and personalized interventions, leveraging multimodal data from smartphones, wearable sensors, and IoT-enabled platforms. We provide in-depth insights into the principles, challenges, and research opportunities in mobile Healthcare 5.0. We hope this paper inspires further research into mobile systems for Healthcare 5.0, an area of immense potential for safeguarding public health. • It provides the first systematic examination of Healthcare 5.0 from a mobile systems perspective. • It offers a comprehensive analysis of mobile healthcare applications across major disease domains. • It addresses critical challenges and opportunities in implementing mo- bile healthcare solutions.