Stability analytical solution for the geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankments based on an improved three-wedge model

Geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankments have been widely adopted for soft ground treatment owing to their effectiveness in controlling settlement, enhancing bearing capacity, and accelerating consolidation. However, existing research has primarily focused on their load-bearing performance and settlement characteristics, while theoretical analysis of embankment slope stability remains insufficient. Although the three-wedge model has been applied to assess the slope stability of such embankments, it typically requires preset assumptions for certain parameters, resulting in limited accuracy in the calculated factor of safety. Based on the generalized three-wedge model and incorporating the structural characteristics of features of GRPS embankments, this study extends and refines the geometric configuration, segmentation approach, and boundary conditions of the wedges. An analytical three-wedge model for slope stability analysis of GRPS embankments is developed, and a solution framework for calculating the factor of safety is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed analytical model is validated through two case studies reported in the literature. The results provide a theoretical basis for the engineering design and parameter optimization of GRPS embankments.