Polylactic acid-based biodegradable electrospun nanofibers: A sustainable approach for food packaging

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable biopolymer derived from renewable sources such as corn starch or sugarcane, providing an eco-friendly substitute for conventional plastics in food packaging. Notable attributes of PLA encompass its ability to decompose and be composted, thereby lessening environmental effects. PLA also demonstrates commendable mechanical characteristics, including tensile strength and flexibility, as well as outstanding barrier functions against oxygen and carbon dioxide, which helps to maintain food freshness. Recent progress has resulted in the creation of active PLA films that can extend shelf life through the incorporation of additives. Electrospinning techniques have facilitated the production of PLA-based nanofibers, with a larger surface area for encapsulating bioactive compounds, thus improving food preservation. These nanofiber films also offer higher water resistance compared to other biopolymers, crucial for maintaining food integrity. However, challenges remain in optimizing PLA's physical properties. Strategies such as incorporating plasticizers and blending with other biopolymers are being explored to increase its performance. Overall, the integration of PLA-based nanofiber films in food packaging represents an environmentally responsible choice that balances the need for sustainability with the imperatives of food safety and quality. This article delves into the various challenges and limitations inherent in utilizing PLA for sustainable packaging solutions and identifies future avenues to enhance its viability in the market.