An exploratory analysis of the pivotal factor for Waste-to-Energy conversion systems by dense neutrosophic MCDM method

Waste-to-Energy (WtE) is one of the modern solutions to landfill problems in this century worldwide. The WtE invention is utilized to manage municipal and industrial waste while producing energy. Several key factors are involved in improving the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of those technologies. The purpose of this study is to identify the efficient critical criteria for upgrading WtE technologies. Through the evaluation of the literature review, case studies and comparative analysis, we identified some major criteria for adapting the WtE technologies. The Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is a widely used Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach for evaluating the importance of criteria. Furthermore, evaluates the degree of significance and relation between these criteria and draws the environmental footprint of WtE technologies. Additionally, the threshold values for the criteria are provided for clarity. Data are obtained from two Decision Makers (DMs) using Dense Neutrosophic Numbers (DNNs) to capture uncertainty and vagueness. Based on the evaluated results, energy efficiency is the most important criterion, followed by environmental impact and is described in more detail in the results section. Finally, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are conducted to assess the system’s robustness.