Pesticide residues in juice and wine: validation of a multi-method and a market survey with consumer risk assessment

An analytical method for determining pesticide residues in fruit juices, vegetable juices, and wine was developed and validated for 32 active compounds, including 11 fluorinated ones. Sample extraction was carried out using a mixture of acetone, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether. The analysis was performed with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The method was applied to the analysis of 81 commercial samples. A total of 81 samples were analysed: 34 fruit juices, 6 vegetable juices, and 41 wine samples. After calculating concentrations in raw fruit or vegetables, maximum residue level (MRL) exceedances were found in 4 samples. Calculation of the chronic risk assessment confirmed that for the analysed samples consumer exposure was within acceptable limits. However, due to three active substances, acute exposure could pose a risk.