Comparative metabolomic profiling reveals the superiority of Apocynum venetum as a source for Apocynum tea

The Apocynum tea market primarily consists of two varieties, Apocynum venetum and Apocynum pictum , which exhibit significant differences in quality and market value. To elucidate these differences, this study systematically evaluated their nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity, and metabolic profiles. Key findings include: The total flavonoid and total phenolic content in tea infusions of A. venetum are higher than in A. pictum and their potential antioxdant activety was assessed. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed 1021 differential metabolites, with 560 more abundant in A. venetum tea and 461 in A. pictum tea. These metabolites are primarily flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids. KEGG pathway analysis highlighting enrichment in “Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis” and “Biosynthesis of caffeic acid derivatives”. Network pharmacology analysis identified hypertension-related targets, such as CA2, ALOX5, and PTGS, supporting the cardiovascular benefits of A. venetum tea. These findings offering valuable insights for its commercial and therapeutic applications.