Molten salt as a thermal storage medium in solar Stirling engine systems: A review

This study investigates the advancements and applications of molten salt in solar technology, particularly its integration with Stirling engines (SEs) for enhanced energy generation. As the global energy landscape shifts toward renewable sources, concentrated solar power (CSP) systems are increasingly being adopted due to their efficiency and sustainability. The role of thermal energy storage (TES), especially in the use of phase change material (PCM), is to reduce the impact of solar energy intermittency. The use of molten salts, which exhibit high energy density and thermal stability, leads to improved solar system performance. Various dish-Stirling configurations that leverage molten salt for effective heat storage and transfer are discussed. The economic viability of these systems was assessed, revealing the potential for reduced levelized costs of energy and improved overall system efficiency. Through numerical analyses and experimental data, the integration of molten salt with SEs enhances energy storage and contributes to the reliability and sustainability of solar power systems. This comprehensive evaluation provides valuable insights into the future of renewable energy technologies and guides the development and implementation of efficient solar energy solutions. Increased investments in molten salt-based systems are advocated as a means of achieving long-term sustainability in the energy sector.