Planning energy hubs with hydrogen and battery storage for flexible ramping market participation

The integration of renewable resources with advanced storage technologies is critical for sustainable energy systems. In this paper, a planning framework for an energy hub incorporating hydrogen and renewable energy systems is developed, with the objective of minimizing operational costs while participating in flexible ramping product (FRP) markets. The energy hub is designed to utilize a hybrid storage system comprising multi-type battery energy storage (BESS) accounting for diverse chemistries and degradation behaviors and hydrogen storage (HS) to meet concurrent electric and hydrogen demands. To address uncertainties in renewable generation and market prices, a stochastic optimization model is developed to determine the optimal investment capacities, while optimizing operational decisions under uncertainty using scenario-based stochastic programming. Financial risks associated with price and renewable variability are mitigated through the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) metric. Case studies demonstrate that hybrid storage systems, including both BESS and HS, can reduce total costs by 23.62% compared to single-storage configurations that rely solely on BESS. Based on the results, BESS participates more in providing flexible ramp-up services, while HS plays a major role in providing flexible ramp-down services. The results emphasize the critical role of co-optimized hydrogen and multi-type BESS in enhancing grid flexibility and economic viability.