Laura Cortés-Corrales, Mengyan Huang, Harshit Sahai, Alfredo Alcayde, Chen Chia Wang, Marı́a Dolores Hernando, Amadeo R. Fernández-Alba, Maria Jesús Martinez Bueno
). Fibres were the dominant particle type in all environments (70-83%), and 31% of particles were < 100 µm, highlighting a potentially inhalable fraction. Polymer composition also varied by site: PET was predominant overall (46-69%), PE was relatively enriched inside greenhouses (27%), and PP was more common in urban samples (24%). Contamination factor analysis indicated mainly moderate to considerable pollution, with higher average contamination in greenhouse and urban areas than in the natural area. These findings provide baseline evidence for exposure assessment in plastic-intensive agricultural landscapes.