Evaluating the role of printing orientation and infill strategy on 3D-printed PLA failure mechanisms

This study presents an in-depth experimental analysis of the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) components, focusing on how printing parameters influence failure mechanisms. Various mechanical tests are performed, including tensile, compact/tension (c/t) and single edge notched bending (SENB) experiments. The specimens were printed in multiple orientations and with different filament alignment strategies, including unidirectional and alternating linear infill patterns. The role of perimeter walls is also evaluated in specific SENB tests. The results aim to elucidate the effects of print configurations on the mechanical response and failure mechanisms of 3D-printed PLA, with the ultimate goal of providing useful information for the numerical modeling of the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed components. The findings are also relevant for optimizing processing conditions and advancing the reliability of 3D-printed materials in engineering applications. • Tensile, c/t, SENB tests investigate mechanical response of 3D-printed PLA. • PLA failure modes vary with print orientation and infill alignment. • Perimeter walls impact fracture behavior in SENB configurations. • Alternating vs unidirectional infill influences failure mechanisms. • This study guides modeling of 3D-printed PLA components.