The Last Decade of Medicinal Plant Genomics: Advances and Challenges

Over the past decade (2014–2025), owing to increasing genome sequencing technology and decreasing cost, research on medicinal plant genomes (MPGs) has expanded extensively. This advancement has significantly accelerated progress in multiple areas, including elucidating specialized metabolic pathways, conserving endangered species, advancing molecular breeding strategies, and accelerating metabolic engineering innovations. Here, we attempt to provide a contemporary view of MPGs, including analyses of sequenced species and assembly data, the advantages of illustrating the metabolic pathways of active compounds, and demonstrating how MPGs facilitate the metabolic biosynthesis characterization of medicinal plants.