Emmanouil Psimopoulos, Ola Eriksson, Chris Bales
Energy storage systems for family dwellings such as thermal and battery energy storage systems are of significant interest for several reasons, particularly in the context of increasing renewable energy adoption, ensuring grid resilience, and reducing environmental impact. This study examines the potential life cycle energy savings and environmental impacts related to the addition of the two energy storage technologies namely thermal such as a domestic hot water tank (DHW) and electrical which is a battery bank and attempts to evaluate the contribution of each component to the whole life cycle impacts. Moreover, the use of a second life electric vehicle Li-on NMC battery bank is examined as an optional replacement of a stationary battery bank LiFePO 4 . For a reference case is used a detached single-family house with a roof top photovoltaic system which has a compact exhaust air heat pump system to provide the hot water and space heating annual demand for the Swedish climate conditions. High resolution weather data and historic price data for the same year as well as stochastic occupancy profiles that include the domestic hot water load are used as boundary for a parametric simulation study for the system modelled in detail in TRNSYS 17. Main results show as far as the life cycle cost comparison that thermal storage has the least life-cycle cost among the three examined energy storage options. Examining the global warming potential of the first life of the electrical storage is found to be approximately more than 5 times the impact of the domestic hot water tank comparing the specific products from the two storage types.