Research progress on sodium ion batteries under extreme temperature conditions

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance of sodium and their cost-effectiveness. However, their performance under extreme temperature conditions (both low and high temperatures) remains a critical challenge for practical applications. At low temperatures, sluggish ion diffusion and electrolyte freezing limit electrochemical performance, while high temperatures accelerate degradation and safety risks. This review comprehensively summarizes recent research progress on SIBs under extreme temperature environments, focusing on key materials, including electrodes, and electrolytes. Advanced approaches such as electrolyte optimization (e.g., low-freezing-point solvents, high-concentration electrolytes) and robust electrode design (e.g., nanostructure engineering) are discussed to enhance temperature resilience. By addressing these challenges, SIBs can achieve broader applicability in extreme climates, from polar regions to deserts, paving the way for sustainable energy storage solutions.