Lithium bond chemistry in lithium batteries

The lithium bond is an essential weak interaction in lithium batteries, critically influencing ion transport, interfacial reactions, and electrochemical performance. Herein, the current understanding of lithium bond chemistry is systematically discussed across different lithium species and their associated electrochemical behaviors. We first discuss the lithium bonds formed between monomeric lithium ions and guest molecules, with an emphasis on their structural characteristics and functional roles in both liquid and solid phases. The discussion is then extended to lithium complexes, focusing on how the lithium bond drives short-range and long-range structure organization and corresponding functionality. Furthermore, the synergy between the lithium bond and strong ionic/covalent bonds is highlighted, emphasizing how their balance can inform the rational design of advanced lithium batteries. Finally, future research directions in lithium bond chemistry are outlined, aiming to accelerate the development of advanced lithium batteries and enrich the chemical understanding of weak interactions in the broader context of modern chemistry.