Effect of electrolyte on the dissolution of electrocatalysts

ABSTRACT Modern and emerging electrochemical energy conversion technologies require long-term operational stability. In this context, electrocatalyst dissolution is a key degradation pathway that directly impacts the performance, durability, and cost of electrolyzers and fuel cells. Beyond catalyst design itself, the electrolyte and the solid–liquid interface critically influence catalyst stability. This review highlights the role of bulk electrolyte pH, local pH changes at the catalyst surface, gaseous species, complex formation, and cations in governing metal dissolution. To enable stable operating conditions, we advocate for systematic studies of these factors and their interplay, paving the way toward the rational design of more robust electrocatalytic systems.