Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bilateral vestibulopathy: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The etiology of Bilateral Vestibulopathy (BVP) is complex. Given the close association between vitamin D and various vestibular disorders, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular neuritis, this study aims to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and BVP. METHODS: This single-center retrospective case-control study included 35 patients with BVP and 70 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Demographic information, clinical data, including 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, and vestibular assessment results were collected. RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the BVP group than in the HC group (18.58±5.80 vs. 24.25±5.91 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels were observed in 97.14% of patients in the BVP group (deficiency, 60.00%; insufficiency, 37.14%). No significant association was found between vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency and the disease duration, season of visit, residential latitude, or underlying medical conditions in patients with BVP. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with BVP, with an odds ratio of 0.846 (95% CI 0.765-0.935; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in patients with BVP than in HC, suggesting an association between vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and BVP.