What is new in Tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest leading infectious disease globally. Approximately 10.7 million people worldwide were estimated to have developed TB in 2024. TB rates have increased in the UK over the last 3 years. Vigilance in acute care settings and across medical subspecialties is essential to ensure early recognition and control of TB particularly given the significant proportion of extrapulmonary presentations. Advances in diagnostic tools have significantly improved detection, with rapid PCR now becoming the standard for timely case identification. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is now routinely in place to identify drug resistance, track transmission and guide public health responses. In parallel, treatment strategies are evolving, with shorter and more effective regimens available for latent TB, active disease, and multidrug-resistant TB. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of TB, with a focus on recent advances relevant to clinical practice in the UK.