Vascular anatomy and harvesting of the free fibula flap in pigs.

PURPOSE: Pigs have long been used as an animal model for fibula flaps. However, the vascular anatomy of the pig fibula has not been described comprehensively. This study was designed to explore the vascular anatomy of the pig fibula and explore the feasibility of using pigs as animal models for surgical training. METHODS: Twenty fresh cadaveric hindlimbs from hybrid pigs (Shanghai White pig) were used in this study. The arteries were infused with black lard. The origin, course, and branches of the vessels nourishing the fibula were observed in 15 samples. The primary parameters included variability in vessel anatomy and measurements. Surgical procedures to harvest the fibula flap were performed on 5 samples. RESULTS: Three types of fibular arteries branch into the fibula, all of which are located behind the interosseous membrane. The pig fibular artery exhibited high variation and was classified into 3 types according to its branching patterns. The operation was performed in the lateral position through the posterior-lateral intermuscular septum. The fibular arteries were easily exposed. After the osteotomy was performed, the fibula was rotated outward to isolate the medial and posterior sides of the fibula in turn. CONCLUSIONS: Although the fibular arteries of pigs and humans are distinct, possibly due to evolutionary and/or functional adaptations, pigs can be used as an animal model for surgical training of fibula flaps.