Tailoring deep eutectic solvents: Preparation, properties, and frontiers in enantioseparation.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of mixtures characterized by significant reduction in melting points relative to their neat individual precursors. They exhibit outstanding advantages as inexpensive customizable solvents, whose physicochemical behaviors are diverse and readily adjustable. This review systematically elaborates on the classification, eco-friendly fabrication protocols and fundamental physicochemical features of DESs. Building on this foundation, it comprehensively summarizes the pivotal applications of DESs in enantioseparation, primarily encompassing chromatographic separation and extraction techniques. Meanwhile, the enantioselective mechanisms, including hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and steric effects, are thoroughly illustrated. Ultimately, recent progress and unresolved bottlenecks regarding the rational fabrication of innovative chiral DESs and their incorporation into sophisticated separation platforms are highlighted. In summary, this review underscores the prominent potential of DESs, delivering abundant opportunities and inspiring new avenues for the sustainable and advancement of enantioseparation technology.