Saptarshi Mukherjee, Shubham Ghatole, Debtanu Bhattacharyya, Santanu Kaity
Electrospun nanofibers have gained huge interest in the biomedical segment, as they can be tailored for a wide range of biomedical applications. They have shown considerable promise in biomedical fields for their flexibility in incorporating various types of biomolecules with diverse functionalities. Additionally, incorporating specified bioactive components into polymers may facilitate the foundation of microenvironments that can sustain cell growth and cell reformation. The present article covers the impact of various factors, like the materials properties, such as solvent characteristics, polymeric relative molecular mass, concentration, viscosity, and conductivity of the solution, and their role in the quality of electrospun nanofibers. Further, we discussed various electrospinning techniques and crucial process parameters that can impact the nanofiber properties. The electrospinning process parameters, such as spinning voltage, spinning flow rate, needle tip to collector distance, temperature, humidity, and their impact on fiber quality are discussed in detail. We have also discussed various advanced characterisation techniques for electrospun nanofiber scaffolds to establish the quality of the end product. In the latter part of the manuscript, we covered the entire application spectrum of polymeric nanofiber scaffolds in various segments of drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound management, and specified applications like biosensing. Thus, the article presented a central theme of manufacturing and advanced characterisation of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, with information about material attributes, process parameters, and their diverse application aspects.