Sauyeun Shin, Marine Hernandez, Stéphanie Dauvillier, Manuelle Ducoux‐Petit, Emmanuelle Mouton‐Barbosa, David Estève, Mohamed Moutahir, David Rengel, Océane Delos, M. Roumiguié, Cédric Dray, Philippe Valet, Philippe de Médina, Marc Poirot, Sandrine Silvente‐Poirot, Justine Bertrand‐Michel, Odile Burlet‐Schiltz, Nicolas Reina, Catherine Muller, Camille Attané
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) are a major component of the bone marrow (BM) that regulate bone turnover and hematopoiesis. In rodents, two distinct adipocyte populations exist: constitutive BMAds (cBMAds), located in areas devoid of hematopoietic cells and resistant to metabolic cues, and regulatory BMAds (rBMAds), interspersed within hematopoietic niches and responsive to energy stress. Despite their potential importance, rBMAds have remained poorly characterized due to their scarcity in rodents. Here, we used a high-yield method to isolate human rBMAds, enabling structural, proteomic, lipidomic, and functional analyses. Remarkably, human rBMAds are anucleate yet retain organelles and maintain lipid and glucose metabolism, but unlike their rodent counterparts, they lack lipolytic activity. They actively secrete factors that support hematopoiesis in vitro, implicating them as functional contributors to the BM niche. Collectively, these findings redefine key aspects of BMAds diversity in humans.