Single-atom nanozyme-based wireless microfluidic sensing platform for noninvasive hyperuricemia diagnosis.

Hyperuricemia is characterized by abnormally elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels. Persistent hyperuricemia not only triggers gout but also causes damage to the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Therefore, utilizing non-invasive diagnostic methods for early and continuous monitoring is crucial for preventing disease progression. Herein, we reported a portable wireless electrochemical sensing platform constructed from SA-Pt/rGO/MOF catalysts prepared via photochemical deposition of platinum single atoms (Pt SAs) on reduced graphene oxide/metal-organic framework (rGO/MOF) composites. The designed single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibited exceptional electrocatalytic activity toward UA oxidation, and the fabricated sensing platform demonstrated a broad linear detection range (1-1000 μM) and relatively low detection limit (1.12 μM), with excellent selectivity and reproducibility. To enhance direct biofluid analysis, we designed a hydrophilic surface-modified microfluidic device for enhanced collection efficiency. Building upon this device, the integrated wireless microfluidic electrochemical platform enabled quantitative UA analysis and correlation studies in serum and saliva from 10 hyperuricemia patients and 10 healthy volunteers, demonstrating promising clinical utility. This work not only extended SACs applications to ultrasensitive biomarker detection but also provided a feasible strategy for developing next-generation non-invasive point-of-care testing (POCT) devices.