Natural inhibitors of PTP1B: Caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde as promising agents against triple-negative breast cancer

and Aim: Natural substances have always been used to treat various diseases and cancers. Cinnamaldehyde has been previously reported to have antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer potential. This study aims to investigate the effect of caffeic acid and cinnamic acid compared to cinnamic aldehyde on the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines in correlation with the effect on the non-cancerous cell line: HB-2. Cell viability assays were conducted using the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines in correlation with the HB2 cell line. The migration assay has been done using all three cell lines using the scratch assay. Molecular docking was achived using SwissDock SwissDrugDesign of method AutoDock Vina 1.2.0 docking parameters of the full protein binding ligand samling exhaustivity of 4 (Molecular Modeling Group, University of Lausane and Swiss Insisute of Bioinformatics. Schematics was created using BioRender © 2024. Images of proteins and ligands were rendered using BIOVIA, BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, Discovery Studio Visualizer, v17.2, San Diego: Dassault Systèmes, 2016. The PTP inhibitory effect was calculated using PNPP as the substrate, with compounds serving as inhibitors in correlation with the non-inhibited control. Both Caffeic acid and cinnamic acid had an inhibitory effect on the cell viability of the MDA-MB-231 cell line. MCF-7 studies showed that caffeic acid had an inhibitory effect on cells, but cinnamic acid had this effect only on MCF-7 cells. HB2 cells have shown reduced viability, which is significantly higher than that of MCF-7 cell lines. • PTP1B – key negative regulator of mTORC pathway of developing breast cancer. One of the central targets in metabolic and cancer diseases. • Active side inhibitors – Caffeic acid shown inhibitory activity of PTP1B IC50 11.82 µM, which is a promising adjuvant agent for cancer therapies. • Reduction of breast cancer proliferation one of the more severe breast cancers (triple negative) compared to the normotypic breast cell control. • Computer modeling validation - Before starting the in vitro experiments, the compatibility of the substances used with the enzyme was checked.