Combined exercise training and resveratrol supplementation modulate diabetes-related factors and mitochondrial biogenesis in male diabetic rats exposed to acute acoustic stress.

This study investigated the effects of eight weeks of combined exercise training, resveratrol supplementation, and acute acoustic stress on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and metabolic parameters in the soleus muscle of male diabetic rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to twelve groups (n = 5 per group): control, diabetes, stress, diabetes + stress, diabetes + exercise, diabetes + resveratrol, diabetes + exercise + resveratrol, stress + resveratrol, stress + exercise, stress + exercise + resveratrol, exercise + resveratrol, and diabetes + stress + exercise + resveratrol. Type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Following VO2max assessment, the animals underwent an 8-week concurrent training program (5 days/week) consisting of endurance running and resistance ladder-climbing exercise with loads corresponding to 30-100% of body mass. During the intervention period, the supplementation groups received resveratrol (100 μg/kg/day) dissolved in 100 μL carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) gel, whereas the remaining groups received an equivalent volume of CMC via oral gavage. The results demonstrated significant effects of the interventions on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α; P = 0.008, F = 71.008), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam; P = 0.002, F = 38.588), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5; P = 0.001, F = 8.535), irisin (P = 0.001, F = 45.801), blood glucose (P < 0.001, F = 555.853), insulin (P < 0.001, F = 76.616), insulin resistance (P = 0.001, F = 133.576), β-cell function (P = 0.001, F = 33.600), and VO2max (P = 0.038). Combined exercise training and resveratrol supplementation, particularly under conditions of acute acoustic stress, improved mitochondrial biogenesis-related markers and metabolic regulation in diabetic rats. The greatest improvements were observed in the diabetes + stress + exercise + resveratrol (DSER) group, suggesting that combined intervention may provide additional benefits compared with individual interventions on mitochondrial function, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and aerobic capacity.