Review of aerodynamic forces, wind-induced vibration characteristics, and control measures for stay cables

Long-span cable-stayed bridges are vital components of modern transportation infrastructure. The wind-induced force on stay cables contributes substantially to the total wind load acting on the entire bridge. Moreover, due to their inherent properties of low damping, low mass, and high flexibility, stay cables are highly susceptible to various wind-induced vibrations, posing significant threats to bridge safety and durability. This paper systematically reviews research progress on the aerodynamic forces, wind-induced vibration characteristics, and various control measures for stay cables. The three primary study methods (field measurement, wind tunnel test, and numerical simulation) are comprehensively introduced. The strong dependence of the stay cable aerodynamics on the Reynolds number is detailed, particularly highlighting the dramatic changes in aerodynamic forces within the critical Reynolds number range. The influence of the surface conditions on aerodynamic characteristics is clarified. Primary wind-induced vibrations are expounded, and the control effects and mechanisms of different measures are critically reviewed. Finally, future research directions are outlined.