Bounding Boxes in Practice: Design and Early Evaluation of a Video-Based PPE Compliance Monitoring Application for Time-Critical Care: A preliminary evaluation of a video-based explainable interface to improve the usability of AI model outputs.

We describe the design and initial evaluation of a video-based explainable interface (XUI) for personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance monitoring in a dynamic medical setting of trauma resuscitation. The system integrates video input, a computer vision model for detecting PPE status, backend processing, and the video-based XUI. The initial UI underwent a major redesign and was evaluated with five nurse educators. Participants interacted with the XUI features, provided feedback on visual elements, and compared and ranked alternate design options. Using the results, we determined visuals for alert symbols, PPE status, and compliance metrics that support rapid PPE compliance monitoring among care providers. While standard computer vision outputs, such as bounding boxes, improve explainability in object detection models, we suggest moving beyond these model representations to enhance system usability in practice.