Weekend Warrior Physical Activity Pattern in Relation to Sleep Outcomes in United States Adults.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate associations between the Weekend Warrior (WW) physical-activity pattern and adverse sleep outcomes in adults. METHODS: Data were from adults ≥20 years in four NHANES cycles (2007-2014). Based on self-reported leisure-time MVPA, participants were classified as inactive, insufficiently active, WW, or regularly active (RA). Primary analyses were conducted in the complete-case sample (n = 16,036), and missing covariates were addressed in a multiple-imputation sensitivity analysis (n = 22,495). Survey-weighted logistic regression estimated associations of patterns with short and long sleep, sleep problems, and sleep disorders. Restricted cubic splines evaluated non-linear relations between weekly MVPA and sleep outcomes. RESULTS: Compared with inactivity, the WW pattern was associated with lower odds of self-reported sleep problems (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.95), and also showed lower odds of sleep problems compared with RA (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60-0.97). The RA pattern was associated with lower odds of physician-diagnosed sleep disorders (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.90) and short sleep (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77-0.91) compared with inactivity. Multiple-imputation sensitivity analyses yielded broadly consistent findings for sleep problems and sleep disorders. In the overall sample, weekly MVPA showed significant non-linear associations with sleep problems and sleep disorders, with lower estimated odds observed at moderate-to-high MVPA volumes. CONCLUSIONS: WW and RA patterns were both associated with more favorable sleep profiles than inactivity, suggesting that concentrated as well as regularly distributed activity may be compatible with better sleep health.