Linking adolescent alcohol use to adult behavioral flexibility: Habitual action-selection and attentional bias.

BACKGROUND: Habitual behavior and attentional bias are distinct cognitive processes that contribute to inflexible behavior. While animal studies provide strong evidence for an association between adolescent alcohol use and impairments in behavioral flexibility in adulthood, such a link in human research has not yet been explored. Moreover, since reduced flexible behavior serves as a risk factor for escalating alcohol intake, continued alcohol use in adulthood may further exacerbate any deficits associated with adolescent drinking. METHODS: We used principal component analysis to create composite scores for adolescent and past-year alcohol use, based on self-report measures from a healthy adult sample. Group differences in alcohol use were examined in relation to habitual responding (n=71) and attentional bias (n=44) toward non-drug reward cues, using two behavioral flexibility tasks. We used linear regression analyses to explore associations between alcohol use and behavioral flexibility outcomes in adults with and without a history of adolescent (before age 18) binge drinking. RESULTS: Adults with a history of adolescent binge drinking demonstrated greater habitual responding compared to those without such a history of binge drinking. Among this group, greater past-year alcohol use was also associated with increased difficulty disengaging attention from non-drug reward cues. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that adolescent and past-year alcohol use may differentially impact habitual responding and attentional bias towards non-drug reward cues. Notably, this is the first human study to explore both aspects of behavioral inflexibility in relation to different periods of alcohol use.