Establishment of a colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) solitary tumor mouse model.

This protocol outlines the detailed steps for generating a colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) mouse model using three complementary approaches (1) portal venous seeding of CRCLM cells to simulate tumor cell dissemination through the portal circulation to the liver (2) liver parenchymal implantation of CRCLM solid tumors to create single, localized lesions derived from tumors generated via the portal venous seeding, and (3) intrahepatic parenchymal injection of CRCLM cells to produce isolated tumors directly within the liver tissue. The protocol emphasizes precise tissue handling and preservation, ensuring high tumor take rates while minimizing peritoneal disease, a common complication among CRCLM mouse models. These refined methods offer reliable and reproducible CRCLM models, providing a robust tool for studying tumor-host interactions and conducting preclinical evaluations of potential therapies.