K. Anuradha, Ranjeet Kumar Mishra
This comprehensive review examines the current state and future potential of microwave and conventional pyrolysis, emphasising the significance of process parameters in facilitating sustainable resource recovery from biomass and plastics. A detailed assessment of process variables, including temperature, residence time, and feedstock composition, is essential to this evaluation and to determining the yields and quality of pyrolysis products. The review highlights the intricate interactions among these factors and their critical role in achieving optimal resource recovery. The major focus of the review is the comparison of conventional pyrolysis methods with the microwave-assisted techniques. The well-established processes of traditional pyrolysis are contrasted with the rapid, accurate heating capabilities of microwave technology. This comparison demonstrates the potential of microwave-assisted pyrolysis to enhance energy efficiency and resource recovery. The discussion focuses on identifying current knowledge gaps and defining key opportunities for future research, with particular attention to integrating biomass and plastic pyrolysis into sustainable resource recovery approaches. The review contributes to the ongoing discourse on advancing pyrolysis technologies to support a more sustainable, circular economy by synthesising current knowledge and projecting future opportunities. The current review highlights the potential of conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis for sustainable resource recovery in a clear, detailed manner.