Bacteriophage applications and future prospects for addressing challenges in African agrifood systems

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that selectively infect bacteria and represent a promising alternative to antibiotics in African agrifood systems. They can enhance food safety, improve livestock and aquaculture health, and protect crops and soils while reducing reliance on antibiotics and mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, widespread adoption is constrained by challenges such as limited research infrastructure, regulatory hurdles, phage stability issues, and the need for products adapted to local contexts. Addressing these gaps requires stronger research collaboration, investment in capacity building, and the development of regulatory frameworks tailored to Africa. Exploring indigenous phage diversity and formulating locally relevant phage cocktails targeting prevalent pathogens will be key to unlocking their full potential. Phages therefore hold significant promise for advancing food security, sustainable agriculture, and public health in Africa.