Abdo Hassoun, Charis M. Galanakis
Abstract With the rise in diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions, there is an urgent need for healthier and more personalized dietary solutions. However, current dietary interventions often fail to address inter-individual variability, requiring more personalized and technologically driven solutions to combat diet-related diseases. The rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies is transforming the food sector by enhancing food quality, safety, and nutrition, promising to overcome relevant challenges. This review explores how artificial intelligence (AI), 3D food printing, augmented reality (AR), big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are reshaping food science and nutrition. While AI enhances precision nutrition and personalized diets, 3D printing creates functional foods tailored to individual needs. AR and other immersive technologies improve consumer engagement, while IoT and big data analytics optimize food monitoring and health interventions. Despite their transformative potential, challenges such as affordabilityregulatory hurdles, and scalability must be addressed to ensure equitable adoption and maximize health benefits.