Electrokinetics of organic-inorganic composite materials for electrocatalysis and energy storage

Abstract Electrokinetics, which explores charge transfer and mass transport under electric fields, has emerged as a vital domain in advancing energy storage and electrocatalysis. The integration of organic and inorganic components into composite materials offers unique opportunities to optimize electrokinetic properties, leveraging the structural stability and conductivity of inorganic phases alongside the functional diversity of organic elements. These synergies enhance charge transfer, ionic mobility, and catalytic activity, making these composites indispensable in applications such as batteries, fuel cells, and electrocatalytic systems. This review explores the intersection of electrokinetic phenomena and organic-inorganic composite materials, focusing on their fundamental principles, design strategies, and performance optimization. Emphasis is placed on advanced materials, including metal-organic frameworks, organic-carbon hybrids, and single-atom catalysts, and their applications such as energy storage, wearable devices and electrocatalysis. The review highlights advanced in situ and operando techniques for probing electrokinetic processes, shedding light on the interplay between structure, interface, and transport dynamics. By bridging the gap between electrokinetic theory and material design, this work aims to provide insights into the development of next-generation materials for sustainable energy technologies.