Iain Chapple, Sotiria Gizani, Mariano Sanz, Dominique Declerck, Phoebus N. Madianos, V. Clerehugh, M. M. Danser, E Davidovich, Janet Davies, Nicolaos Donos, Elisabeth Dursun, Elena Figuero, Filippo Graziani, Mervi Gürsoy, Sören Jepsen, Clara Joseph, Moritz Kebschull, Norbert Kraemer, Tina Lambrinaki, Rodrigo López, David John Manton, Joerg Meyle, A. Molina, Lior Shapira, Cheryl Somani, Georgios Tsilingaridis, Svante Twetman, Nicola West, Biniyam Wondimu, Ferranti Wong, David Herrera
PURPOSE: The objectives of this focused Workshop were to update the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and to explore the applicability of the 2018 classification in children and adolescents. METHODS: The workshop discussions were informed by three specifically commissioned systematic reviews covering gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions, in systemically healthy children and adolescents, or in children and adolescents with systemic conditions. RESULTS: Over 70 genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact the periodontal tissues were identified, with levels of evidence graded as very low, low, and moderate. Gingival diseases and conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents were identified, alongside local predisposing and systemic modifying factors. Periodontitis and other periodontal conditions in the 2018 classification system also apply in children and adolescents, however there are challenges with periodontal probing in the primary and mixed dentition. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal tissues in children and adolescents differ from adults and require special consideration, accounting for their stage of development and predisposing and modifying factors unique to younger patients, which may confound accurate diagnosis, prognostication and management. Specific approaches to screening, examination and treatment are necessary for safe and effective management in this patient group.