Laleh Malekmohammadi
Haloculture has emerged as an innovative solution for addressing soil salinity and freshwater scarcity, playing a significant role in sustainable agriculture. By utilizing saline water and soil resources, haloculture presents novel opportunities for cultivating crops in arid and semi-arid regions. This review article aims to explore the research background, innovative technologies, and operational challenges in the field of haloculture. Various strategies such as saline water management, selection of salt-tolerant plant species, and the application of advanced technologies like nanotechnology, biotechnology, and renewable energy are discussed as effective approaches for developing this sector. The article also highlights the role of integrated agricultural systems, genetic modification of halophyte plants, and the use of biological methods to improve saline soil properties. Recent findings indicate that utilizing halophyte plants, optimizing irrigation strategies, and employing integrated systems can significantly enhance agricultural productivity in saline environments. Additionally, research has shown that incorporating renewable energy solutions in desalination processes and powering haloculture systems can reduce operational costs and improve sustainability. This article also emphasizes implementation challenges such as high costs, the need for interdisciplinary research, limited local knowledge in saline regions, and the importance of supportive policies. Finally, recommendations are provided for future research to improve the efficiency and sustainability of saline agriculture.