Exploration of recent advancements of nanoparticle-based therapeutics emphasis on diabetic-related chronic wound management: a comprehensive review

The skin is frequently subjected to injuries and disorders encompassing both acute and chronic wounds. Chronic wounds, including diabetic wounds, pose significant clinical problems due to prolonged and ineffective healing processes. Traditional therapies are associated with many limitations. In this regard, nanoparticles (NPs)-based drug delivery systems have emerged as promising solutions for improving chronic wound healing and to overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches. Furthermore, the functionalization of these NPs through surface modification can increase the overall therapeutic performance. Incorporating them into advanced dosage form maximizes the therapeutic impact. Although their therapeutic promise is high, clinical translation of nanoparticles is hindered by challenges such as manufacturing problems with scaling up production of lipid nanoparticles and the regulatory difficulties related to nanoparticle characterization, such as compliance with FDA criteria for size variation. The current review endeavored to explore the most recently developed nanotechnology-based therapeutic agents that are used in diabetic chronic wound healing, especially SLNs. It also discusses the various surface modification strategies that can enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Further, to maximize the overall efficacy of the drug delivery system and to improve wound healing outcomes, the incorporation of NPs into advanced dosage forms such as thermoresponsive gels has a huge impact. This review also serves as a database for the methodology of collecting the required data, screening, and selection in addition to the pathways from NPs preclinical studies to the stages of clinical approval; moreover, NPs manufacturing and scaling-up feasibility.