Theranostic MnO2 nanoparticles alleviate oxidative stress and visualize cartilage in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, driven by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of popcorn-like manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) nanoparticles in treating OA. Leveraging their antioxidant properties, MnO 2 nanoparticles mitigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in chondrocytes, thus preventing mitochondrial damage and alleviating OA progression. Additionally, the unique magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement capabilities of MnO 2 nanoparticles enable non-invasive tracking of cartilage integrity. Our results demonstrate that MnO 2 nanoparticles significantly reduce ROS levels, promote mitochondrial health, and restore cartilage structure in OA models. The integration of MnO 2 nanoparticles for both therapy and imaging offers a novel, dual-functional approach to OA treatment.