Knowledge, attitude and practice of farmers towards ticks and tick borne diseases in selected districts of west Gojam, Ethiopia: Implications for control and prevention.

BACKGROUND: Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a serious threat to livestock productivity in Ethiopia, which leads to considerable economic losses. Smallholder farmer's knowledge, attitudes, and practices play a major role for effective management. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of farmers regarding ticks and TBDs in the West Gojam zone, Amhara Region, and identify factors determining disease and vector management. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 384 farmers using a multi-stage sampling technique and a structured questionnaire. KAP levels were assessed using a standardized scoring system and classified into binary outcomes. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26; Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to figure out socio-demographic determinants of KAP at a 95% confidence level. RESULTS: While 59.4% of respondent's demonstrated adequate knowledge and 89.8% maintained a favourable attitude towards tick and TBD control, regarding implementation, 49.22% of participants exhibited good management practices. Logistic regression revealed that awareness levels and specific animal husbandry practices were statistically significant associations with knowledge and attitude (p < 0.05). Crucially, while knowledge scores were positively correlated with acaricide usage, higher knowledge did not consistently correspond to effective application. CONCLUSION: Farmers in the study area demonstrated moderate knowledge and highly favourable attitudes towards tick control, alongside weaker and more inconsistent reported management practices. Intervention strategies should focus on bridging these practical gaps through targeted veterinary extension services.