Promises and Challenges of Na ₄ Fe ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ (P ₂ O ₇ ) Cathode for Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage From an Industrial Perspective

ABSTRACT Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (P 2 O 7 ) (NFPP) has attracted widespread attention as a cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to the advantages of environmentally friendly, Fe‐based element abundance, low cost, excellent structure stability, and relatively satisfactory wide‐temperature performance, and consequently shows great potential in the areas of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage. Targeting deployment rather than materials surveying, this review builds a performance‐to‐application framework for NFPP across six dimensions (energy density, power density, cycling lifetime, wide‐temperature performance, safety, and cost), and benchmarks manufacturability and techno‐economics against commercial LiFePO 4 in lithium‐ion batteries. Meanwhile, the potential market demands for NFPP‐based SIBs in different market penetrations are estimated and evaluated in the near term (2030). This review provides an application‐oriented, integrated performance‐to‐application and cost/market analysis on NFPP, offering researchers and industry a prospective of NFPP's promises and challenges in EVs and energy storage.