Novel Composites Na ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , BO ₃ ³⁻ /BO ₂ ⁻ ‐Doped Apatites With ZrO ₂ : Creation and Characterization

ABSTRACT Multidoped (Na + , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , BO 3 3− and Na + , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , BO 3 3− /BO 2 − ) apatite related calcium phosphates and their corresponding composites with ZrO 2 (10 and 25 wt%) were synthesized in aqueous solutions and heated to 600°C. FTIR spectroscopy data confirmed the realization of A‐type and A,B‐type substitutions of hydroxy and phosphate groups with borate groups in obtained samples. Vickers microhardness measurements showed the improvement of the hardness of synthesized composite in case of 25 wt% content of zirconia comparing with corresponding data for apatite. Treatment with different amounts (0.01–5 mg/mL) of samples showed a dose‐dependent effect on the metabolic activity and proliferation of both RAW264.7 and J774A.1 murine monocyte‐macrophage cells. Synthesized composites have a great potential for biomedical research and future clinical applications.