<i>Moringa oleifera—</i> Synthetic Adsorbent Hybrid Composites Enable Synergistic Removal of Heavy Metals, Synthetic Dyes, and Emerging Contaminants via Electrostatic, Complexation and Ion‐Exchange Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review

ABSTRACT Increasing pressure on water resources for freshwater has heightened the urgent need for highly effective and environmentally sustainable treatment strategies. Conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon, zeolites, and MOFs, though efficient, are often expensive and environmentally burdensome to manufacture. Simultaneously, raw biological materials such as Moringa oleifera provide biodegradability and low cost at the expense of instability and organic leaching. This review gives an in‐depth assessment of the hybrid adsorbent systems combining M. oleifera with synthetic engineered adsorbents for wastewater remediation. Functional components of M. oleifera , including active proteins with amine (disamine group, NH 2 ), carboxyl (groups with a COO‐), and hydroxyl (group with a hydroxyl group, ‐OH), synergize with the high surface area and tunable porosity of synthetic matrices for multifunctional composites that remove heavy metals, synthetic dyes, and emerging organic contaminants. Key adsorption mechanisms such as electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, ion exchange, and hydrogen bonding are critically discussed. The performance of several hybrid combinations (MO–AC, MO–zeolite, MO–MOF, and MO–biochar) is compared in terms of removal efficiency, pH tolerance, regeneration stability, and operational cost. This review identifies existing research gaps and suggests future directions for the scalable, real‐world application of these sustainable composite systems in water treatment.