The Possibility and Characteristics of Senescence-Related Changes in Reproductive Tissues Such as the Ovary, Oviduct, and Uterus.

BACKGROUND: Senescence is characterized by a functional decline of cells or tissues, whereas aging refers to the passage of time. Aging and senescence have been viewed as potentially controllable processes, and research on their underlying mechanisms and countermeasures has progressed. With the increasing number of women of advanced maternal age, the decline in fertility is thought to be associated not only with reduced oocyte quality but also with aging and senescence of the reproductive organs-that is, age-related changes in the ovarian, oviduct (fallopian tube), and uterine environments. METHODS AND MAIN FINDINGS: Findings from animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that age-related changes in the ovaries, oviducts (fallopian tubes), and uterus contribute to a decline in reproductive performance. This effect may be explained by the progression of cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction in these organs, leading to fibrosis and abnormal cellular differentiation. These hallmarks of aging are thought to contribute to reduced oocyte quality, diminished ovarian reserve, and ovulatory disorders. Furthermore, even when fertilization occurs, impaired embryo development may result, ultimately reducing endometrial receptivity and leading to decreased fertility. CONCLUSION: This review discusses the potential roles and significance of aging and senescence in reproductive tissues.