Challenges facing the management of pesticide resistance in weeds, diseases and insect pests in <scp>European</scp> agriculture and the future of effective <scp>IPM</scp> implementation

In recent times, pesticide resistance has been managed reasonably effectively, either proactively or reactively, by monitoring resistance of pest biotypes and the rotation of products with different modes of action (MoAs). However, increased regulation is dramatically limiting the range of MoAs available to farmers, especially in Europe. Innovation and replenishment with new MoAs from industry cannot keep pace with this loss, leaving the need for pragmatic choices in how to manage pests effectively through all methods available. This is crucial for integrated pest management (IPM) adoption to support sustainable crop production. Here we consider the current situation for insecticides, herbicides and fungicides in Europe and suggest that, despite the emerging IPM options, in many cropping systems, the need for a pesticide component remains essential. As part of efficient IPM or resistance management (RM) strategies, the availability of a range of effective pesticide MoAs will be essential. In addition, for more productive and sustainable agricultural systems, all stakeholders, including the agrochemical industry, farmers/growers, advisory services, the research community and policy/decision makers of Europe should try to improve communication. This will be the only way to ensure the future production of sufficient, high-quality crops, at a time when there are many threats to food security in Europe. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.