Metallic Nanoparticles: Emerging Frontiers in Biomedical Applications and Therapeutic Innovations

ABSTRACT Over the last few years, the unique properties of metal nanoparticles have drawn significant attention from researchers for use in various biomedical applications. Metal nanoparticles, including those made of gold and silver, are especially promising because they have been utilized in medicine from ancient times. Metal or metal oxide nanoparticles like gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, and copper oxide nanoparticles have commonly been used for drug delivery, gene delivery, photothermal therapy, bioimaging, and cell labelling, because of their excellent properties such as chemical stability, non‐toxicity, and biocompatibility, which are highly dependent on their size, dose, coating, and composition. Significant interest and advancements in several areas of nanotechnology have led to the publication of articles, books, and reports. Therefore, the current review aims to summarize the methods of synthesis, characteristics, the mechanisms of action, toxicity, and biomedical applications of metallic nanoparticles.