V. Offen Glassner, Adi Botvinik, Adi Mory, Adi Reches, Karina Krajden Haratz, Britannia Morgan Fleming, Hagit Baris Feldman, Lena Sagi‐Dain, Mordechai Shohat, Rayna Joy Goldstein, Yuval Yaron, Michal Levy
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing (ES) in isolated polyhydramnios. METHODS: This retrospective study included 40 cases of isolated polyhydramnios. All patients underwent screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). ES was performed in CMA-negative cases, along with targeted testing for spinal muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy type 1, and Prader-Willi syndrome. RESULTS: Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 7 cases, yielding a 17.5% diagnostic rate. Diagnostic yield was 12% (2/17) in mild cases and 22% (5/23) in moderate-severe cases. Diagnoses included Bartter syndrome (KCNJ1, BSND, MAGED2), Noonan syndrome (RIT1), Osteopathia Striata with Cranial Sclerosis (AMER1), and AUTS2-related neurodevelopmental disorder. In addition, one case was diagnosed postnatally with myotonic dystrophy 1. Two ES-positive cases had concurrent GDM. Postnatal follow-up showed normal development in 85% of live-born infants, with a few cases of global or speech delay. CONCLUSIONS: ES yields a substantial diagnostic benefit in isolated polyhydramnios, including mild cases and those with GDM. These findings support incorporating ES into the diagnostic approach for isolated polyhydramnios.