Yichao Chen, Chenlin Jiang, Chuxie Zhang, Wenqing He, Changshun Hou
ABSTRACT Antibacterial resistance has spurred the development of innovative therapeutic strategies, among which micro/nanorobots (MNRs) have emerged as a promising platform for targeted infection control. These tiny devices actively navigate biological environments through autonomous propulsion and stimuli‐responsive functions, enabling precise drug delivery to inflammatory sites. This capability reduces treatment cycles and costs and minimizes off‐target effects. By integrating physical and chemical actuation mechanisms with surface‐engineered antibacterial agents (e.g., metal ions, reactive oxygen species, or quorum‐sensing inhibitors), MNRs exhibit superior efficacy against multidrug‐resistant pathogens. Recent advances have demonstrated their potential in diverse applications, ranging from environmental sterilization to preventing medical device‐associated infections. This review systematically examines the actuation mechanisms, antibacterial strategies, and applications of MNRs while highlighting current challenges in micro/nanorobotics. Furthermore, it proposes future directions for the development of next‐generation antibacterial technologies.