Felipe Kitamura, Timothy L. Kline, Daniel Warren, Linda Moy, Roxana Daneshjou, Farhad Maleki, Igor Santos, Judy Wawira Gichoya, Walter F. Wiggins, Brian Bialecki, Kevin O'Donnell, Adam E. Flanders, Matthew B. Morgan, Nabile Safdar, Katherine P. Andriole, J. Raymond Geis, Bibb Allen, Keith J. Dreyer, Matthew P. Lungren, Monica J. Wood, Marc Kohli, Steve G. Langer, George Shih, Eduardo Moreno Júdice de Mattos Farina, Charles E. Kahn, Ingrid Reiser, Maryellen L. Giger, Christoph Wald, John Mongan, Tessa S. Cook, Neil Tenenholtz
Medical imaging is undergoing a transformation driven by the advent of new, highly effective, machine learning techniques paired with increases in computational capabilities (Cheng et al. 2021; Gilson et al. 2023; Almeida et al. 2024; Krishna et al. 2024). These advanced algorithms have the potential to improve disease detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcomes. However, the complexity of machine learning models, the large amounts of curated and annotated data required by some methods, and the potential for bias and error make it challenging for individuals to safely and effectively leverage these methods (Lin et al. 2024; Guo et al. 2024; Xu et al. 2024; Linguraru et al. 2024; Wood et al. 2019). To address these challenges, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), American College of Radiology (ACR), Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), and Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) have worked together to develop a syllabus detailing a recommended set of competencies for medical imaging professionals interacting with these systems. This guide is aimed at four different personas: users of AI systems, purchasers of AI systems, individuals who provide clinical expertise during the development of AI systems ("clinical collaborators"), and developers of AI systems.1 This is a syllabus, not a curriculum, and is intentional in this scope. Recognizing that individuals may benefit from different presentations of the same material, this work enumerates a series of relevant competencies but does not prescribe, nor offer, a method of instruction (Schuur, Rezazade Mehrizi, and Ranschaert 2021; Garin et al. 2023). By addressing the task-specific demands of each role, this guide will enable medical imaging professionals to utilize machine learning systems more safely and effectively, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.