The influence of chlorogenic acid disinfection on the oral microbiota of alginate impressions.

BACKGROUND: Cross-infection may occur if alginate impressions are not disinfected. Available chlorine (AC), though common, poses safety risks. Chlorogenic acid (CA), a natural compound, shows effective disinfection and, as we previously verified, inhibits pathogens without damaging impressions. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the influence of CA and AC on the oral microbial community of alginate impressions from a community-ecology perspective. METHODS: The maxillary impressions of 60 participants were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15). The NS-AC group received a normal saline (NS) rinse and a 2,000 mg/L AC spray. The NS-CA group got an NS rinse and a CA (10 mg/mL mix + 60 mg/mL spray). The CA-AC group obtained a 10 mg/mL CA rinse and a 2,000 mg/L AC spray. The CA-CA group acquired a CA (10 mg/mL rinse & mix + 60 mg/mL spray). An analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted on the samples that were collected. RESULTS: The NS-CA group exhibited substantially higher Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indices than the NS-AC group (p < 0.05), and the PCoA revealed a centralized clustering pattern. As the primary biomarkers in the NS-CA, Neisseria, Porphyromonas and Prevotella were identified through LEfSe analysis and a random forest model (LDA > 4, AUC = 0.911). A synchronous decrease in the NS-CA was predicted by FAPROTAX functional prediction in relation to aromatic_compound_degradation and human_pathogens_all. The NS-CA and CA-CA did not exhibit any significant differences in alpha diversity or FAPROTAX (p > 0.05), and the PCoA showed that the two groups were closely clustered. CONCLUSION: The stabilization and maturation of oral microbiota on the surface of alginate impressions are facilitated by CA disinfection. Of all the groups, the NS-CA group demonstrates specific cost-effectiveness advantages and has the potential to serve as an alternative to conventional AC disinfection.