Giulia Paoni Saccone, Noemi Tonti, Valeria Gangale, Maria Grazia Porpora, Federica Tomao, Violante Di Donato, Innocenza Palaia, Giusi Santangelo, Ludovico Muzii, Giuseppe Rizzo, Giorgia Perniola
This systematic review aimed to explore the application and effectiveness of transperineal ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for evaluating pelvic floor musculature (PFM) dysfunction in patients with chronic pelvic pain and related conditions, including endometriosis, vulvodynia, and gynecological cancers. Comprehensive searches were conducted across five databases, resulting in the identification of 395 articles, of which 17 were included after screening. Studies reported significant PFM alterations, including a reduced levator hiatal area and decreased excursion of the levator plate angle and anorectal angle, indicating increased PFM tone and diminished contractile capacity. Transperineal ultrasound has shown substantial reliability in assessing PFM disorders.